Common failure modes of inductors are as follows:

-Short-circuit fault: The main reason is that the winding in the coil is short-circuited, or short-circuited between windings or between windings and magnetic core, which leads to the loss of inductance. If the insulation layer of enameled wire is damaged in the manufacturing process, the adjacent wires will be short-circuited, or the insulation performance will be reduced and short-circuited due to environmental factors such as high temperature and humidity during use.

-Open circuit fault: usually, the wire or winding in the coil is cut off, or the welding contact between the winding and the terminal is poor, so that the current cannot pass through the coil. For example, the inductance is hit by external force, the coil is broken due to vibration, or the solder joint is aging and desoldering after long-term use.

-Abnormal inductance value: including decreased inductance value and increased inductance value. The decrease of inductance value may be due to the loss of internal materials of the coil, such as the aging of core materials and the increase of core loss. The increase of inductance value may be due to the fact that the coil is wet and short-circuited between turns, which increases the effective turns of inductance or changes the permeability.

-Withstand voltage failure: The aging and loss of insulation materials inside the coil lead to the decline or failure of insulation performance, which may easily lead to serious consequences such as short circuit or fire. If used in high voltage and high humidity environment for a long time, the insulation performance of insulation materials will gradually decrease.

-Burn-out failure: Most of them are caused by overload operation, such as excessive current and voltage in the circuit, exceeding the rated value of the inductor, or improper circuit design, poor heat dissipation, etc., resulting in serious heat generation of the inductor and burn-out.

-Electromagnetic interference: The magnetic field generated by the inductor during operation may interfere with the surrounding circuit elements, or generate electromagnetic coupling with nearby capacitors, inductors and other elements, forming an unnecessary oscillation loop or interference signal, which will affect the normal operation of the circuit.